Lab Manual For Surveying 1
STUDY OF THEODOLITE EXP:01 DATE: TRANSIT THEODOLITE:It consists of a telescope which can be revolved through a complete revolution about its horizontal axis in a vertical plane. PARTS:Leveling head, telescope, vertical circle, index frame, A frame lower plate, upper plate, level tubes, plumb bob LEVELING HEAD:The leveling head consists of two parallel triangular planes known as tribrach plates. The upper tribrach has three arms, each carrying a leveling screw. The lower tribrach has three arms each carrying a leveling screw. The lower tribrach plate or foot plate has a circular hole through which plumb bob may be suspended. TELESCOPE:The telescope is an integral part of the theodline and is mounted on a spindle known as horizontal axis or trunnion axis. In most of the transits, internal focusing telescope is used.
Surveying - 1 Lab Manual Pdf File. Surveying Lab Manual Pdf File - Surveying - 1 Lab Manual Pdf File. Total Experiments in Surveying - 1 Lab manual are 10 Experiments.
VERTICAL CIRCLE:The vertical axis is a circular graduated arc attached to the trunnion axis of the telescope consequently the graduated arc rather with the telescope when the latter is turned about the horizontal axis. INDEX FRAME:- The index frame is a T-shaped frame consisting of a vertical leg known as clipping arm and a horizontal bar known as vernier arm of index corm. At the two extremities of the index arm are fitted two verniers to read the vertical circle. STUDY OF THEODOLITE A FRAME:Two standards resembling the letter A are mounred on the upper plates. The trunnion axis of the telescope is supported on these.
Lab Manual For Surveying 1
LOWER PLATE:The lower plate is attached to the outer spindle. The lower plate carries a horizontal circle at its leveled edge and is therefore also known as the scale plate.
UPPER PLATE:- The upper plate or vernier plate is attached to the inner axis and carries two verniers with magnifiers at two extremities diametrically opposite. The upper plate supports the standards.
By the various methods of determining distance the most accurate and common method is the method of measuring distance with a chain or tape is called Chaining. For work of ordinary precision a chain is used. But where great accuracy is Required a steel tape is invariably used.
The term chaining was originally applied to measure Distance with a chain. The term chaining is used to denote measuring distance with either chain or tape, In the process of chaining, The survey party consists of a leader (the surveyor at the forward end of the chain) a follower (the surveyor at the rare end of the chain and an assistant to establish intermediate points ). The accuracy to which measurement can be made with chain and tape varies with the methods used and precautions exercised.
The precision of chaining. For ordinary work, ranges from 1/1000 to 1/30,000 and precise measurem ent such as Baseline may be of the order of 1000000.