Walk Among Legends. JHS PEDAL MANUAL 1. As of MARCH 2016. Alpine Reverb.

1. Carolina Panthers 2016 Scores

. 1943–1945 (Nazi Germany). 1944–1947 (France) Used by France Limited use by other militaries (see ) Wars Production history Designer Designed 1942 Manufacturer MAN, Daimler-Benz, MNH Unit cost 117,100 (Without weapons, optics, or radio) 176,100 (combat ready) Produced 1943–1945 (1946- 9 postwar for the British Army) No. built about 6,000 Variants Ausf.

G, Befehlspanzer (command tank), Beobachtungspanzer ( vehicle), Bergepanther (armoured recovery vehicle) Specifications Weight 44.8 (44.1; 49.4 ) Length 6.87 m (22 ft 6 in) 8.66 metres (28 ft 5 in) gun forward Width 3.27 m (10 ft 9 in) 3.42 m (11 ft 3 in) with skirts Height 2.99 m (9 ft 10 in) Crew 5 (driver, radio-operator/hull machine gunner, commander, gunner, loader) up to 100 mm. Operational range Road: 200 km (120 mi) Cross-country: 100 km (62 mi) Speed 55 km/h (34 mph) (first models) 46 km/h (29 mph) (later models) The Panther is a German deployed during on the and Fronts in from mid-1943 to the war's end in 1945. It had the of Sd.Kfz.

It was designated as the Panzerkampfwagen V Panther until 27 February 1944, when ordered that the Roman numeral 'V' be deleted. Contemporary English language reports sometimes refer to it as the Mark V. The Panther was intended to counter the Soviet and to replace the.

Nevertheless, it served alongside the Panzer IV and the heavier until the end of the war. It is considered one of the best tanks of World War II for its excellent firepower and protection, although its reliability was less impressive.

The Panther was a compromise. While having essentially the same engine as the Tiger I, it had more efficient frontal hull armour, better gun penetration, was lighter and faster, and could traverse rough terrain better than the Tiger I. The trade-off was weaker side armour, which made it vulnerable to flanking fire. The Panther proved to be effective in open country and long range engagements, but did not provide enough firepower against infantry. The Panther was far cheaper to produce than the Tiger I, and only slightly more expensive than the Panzer IV.

Key elements of the Panther design, such as its armour, transmission, and final drive, were simplifications made to improve production rates and address raw material shortages. The overall design remained somewhat over-engineered. The Panther was rushed into combat at the despite numerous unresolved technical problems, leading to high losses due to mechanical failure. Most design flaws were rectified, though the bombing of production plants, increasing shortages of high quality alloys for critical components, shortage of fuel and training space, and the declining quality of crews all impacted the tank's effectiveness. Though officially classified as a medium tank, its weight is more like that of a heavy tank, as its weight of 44.8 tons puts it roughly in the same category as the American (41.7 tons), British (40.7 tons) and the Soviet (46 tons) heavy tanks. The tank had a very high power to weight ratio however, making it extremely mobile regardless of its tonnage.

Its weight still caused problems however, such as an inability to cross certain bridges. Examines a T-34 in June 1943 The Panther was born out of a project started in 1938 to replace the and tanks. The initial requirements of the series called for a fully tracked vehicle weighing 20 tonnes and design proposals by Krupp, Daimler Benz and MAN ensued. These designs were abandoned and Krupp dropped out of the competition entirely as the requirements increased to a vehicle weighing 30 tonnes, a direct reaction to the encounters with the Soviet and and against the advice of. The T-34 outclassed the existing models of the Panzer III and IV.

At the insistence of General, a special tank commission was created to assess the T-34. Among the features of the Soviet tank considered most significant were the sloping armour, which gave much improved shot deflection and also increased the effective armour thickness against penetration, the wide track, which improved mobility over soft ground, and the 76.2 mm (3.00 in) gun, which had good armour penetration and fired an effective high explosive round.

(DB), which designed the successful Panzer III and, and (MAN) were given the task of designing a new 30- to 35-tonne tank, designated VK 30.02, by April 1942. The crew of a Panther pose for photograph The weight of the production model was increased to 45 tonnes from the original plans for a 35 tonne tank. Hitler was briefed thoroughly on the comparison between the MAN and DB designs in the report by Guderian's tank commission.

Armour protection appeared to be inadequate, while 'the motor mounted on the rear appeared to him correct'. He agreed that the 'decisive factor was the possibility of quickly getting the tank into production'. On 15 May 1942, Oberst Fichtner informed MAN that Hitler had decided in favour of the MAN Panther and ordered series production. The upper glacis plate was to be increased from 60 mm (2.4 in) to 80 mm (3.1 in). Hitler demanded that an increase to 100 mm (3.9 in) should be attempted and that at least all vertical surfaces were to be 100 mm (3.9 in); the turret front plate was increased from 80 mm (3.1 in) to 100 mm (3.9 in).

The Panther was rushed into combat before all of its teething problems had been corrected. Reliability was considerably improved over time, and the Panther proved to be a very effective fighting vehicle, but some design flaws, such as its weak final drive units, were never corrected. The crew had five members: driver, radio operator (who also fired the bow machine gun), gunner, loader, and commander Engine The first 250 Panthers were powered by a Maybach HL 210 P30 V-12 petrol engine, which delivered 650 at 3,000 rpm and had three simple air filters. Starting in May 1943, Panthers were built using the 700 metric horsepower (690 hp, 515 kW) at 3,000 rpm, 23.1 litre V-12 petrol engine. To save aluminium, the light alloy block used in the HL 210 was replaced by a cast iron block.

Two multistage 'cyclone' air filters were used to improve dust removal. Due to the use of low grade petrol, the engine power output was reduced.

With a capacity of 730 litres (160 imperial gallons; 190 US gallons) of fuel, a fully fuelled Panther's range was 200 km (120 mi) on surfaced roads and 100 km (62 mi) cross country. The HL 230 P30 engine was a very compact design, and it kept the space between the walls to a minimum. The was composed of seven 'discs' or main, each with an outer race of, and a crankshaft pin between each disc. To reduce the length of the engine by an inch or so, and reduce caused by a, the two banks of 6 cylinders of the V-12 were not offset – the 'big ends' of the of each cylinder pair in the 'V' where they mated with the were thus at the same spot with respect to the engine block's length rather than offset; this required a ' matched pair of connecting rods for each transversely oriented pair of cylinders. Usually, 'V'-form engines have their transversely paired cylinders' connecting rods' 'big ends' simply placed side by side on the crankpin, with their transverse pairs of cylinders offset slightly to allow the connecting rod big ends to attach side by side while still being in the cylinder bore centerline. This compact arrangement with the connecting rods was the source of considerable problems initially. Blown head gaskets were another problem, which was corrected with improved seals in September 1943.

Improved bearings were introduced in November 1943. An engine governor was also added in November 1943 that reduced the maximum engine speed to 2,500 rpm.

An eighth crankshaft bearing was added beginning in January 1944 to reduce motor failures. The engine compartment was designed to be watertight so that the Panther could ford water obstacles; however, this made the engine compartment poorly ventilated and prone to overheating. The fuel connectors in early Panthers were not insulated, leading to the leakage of fuel fumes into the engine compartment, which caused engine fires. Additional ventilation was added to draw off these gases, which only partly solved the problem of engine fires. Other measures taken to reduce this problem included improving the coolant circulation inside the motor and adding a reinforced membrane spring to the fuel pump.

Despite the risks of fire, the fighting compartment was relatively safe due to a solid firewall that separated it from the engine compartment. Engine reliability improved over time. A French assessment in 1947 of their stock of captured Normandy Panther A tanks concluded that the engine had an average life of 1,000 km (620 mi) and maximum life of 1,500 km (930 mi). Suspension. Schachtellaufwerk interleaved wheels on a Panther The suspension consisted of front drive sprockets, rear idlers and eight double-interleaved rubber-rimmed steel road wheels on each side — in the so-called Schachtellaufwerk design, suspended on a dual torsion bar suspension.

The dual torsion bar system, designed by Professor Ernst Lehr, allowed for a wide travel stroke and rapid oscillations with high reliability, thus allowing for relatively high speed travel over undulating terrain. The extra space required for the bars running across the length of the bottom of the hull, below the turret basket, increased the overall height of the tank. When damaged by mines, the torsion bars often required a welding torch for removal. The Panther's suspension was overengineered and the Schachtellaufwerk interleaved road wheel system made replacing inner road wheels time consuming (though it could operate with missing or broken wheels).

The interleaved wheels also had a tendency to become clogged with mud, rocks and ice, and could freeze solid overnight in that followed the autumn mud season on the Eastern Front. Shell damage could cause the road wheels to jam together and become difficult to separate. Interleaved wheels had long been standard on all German.

The extra wheels did provide better flotation and stability, and also provided more armour protection for the thin hull sides than smaller wheels or non-interleaved wheel systems, but the complexity meant that no other country ever adopted this design for their tanks. In September 1944, and again in March/April 1945, built a limited number of Panthers with overlapping, non-interleaved steel-rimmed 80 cm diameter roadwheels originally designed for Henschel's and late series Tiger I Ausf.

These steel-rimmed roadwheels were introduced from chassis number 121052 due to raw material shortages. From November 1944 through February 1945, a conversion process began to use in the Panther tank, as there was a shortage of. The sleeve bearings were primarily used in the running gear; plans were also made to convert the transmission to sleeve bearings, but were not carried out due to the ending of Panther production. Steering and transmission. Panther with track segments hung on the turret sides to augment the armour. Panther crews were aware of the weak side armour and made augmentations by hanging track links or spare roadwheels onto the turret and/or the hull sides.

The rear hull top armour was only 16 mm (0.63 in) thick, and had two radiator fans and four air intake louvres over the engine compartment that were vulnerable to strafing by aircraft. As the war progressed, Germany was forced to reduce or eliminate critical alloying metals in the production of armour plate, such as nickel, tungsten and molybdenum; this resulted in lower impact resistance levels compared to earlier armour. In 1943, Allied bombers struck and severely damaged the Knaben mine in Norway, eliminating a key source of molybdenum; supplies from Finland and Japan were also cut off.

The loss of molybdenum, and its replacement with other substitutes to maintain hardness, as well as a general loss of quality control, resulted in an increased brittleness in German armour plate, which developed a tendency to fracture when struck with a shell. Testing by U.S. Army officers in August 1944 in Isigny, France showed catastrophic cracking of the armour plate on two out of three Panthers examined. Armament. Main armament: 75 mm KwK 42 (L/70) The main gun was a with semi-automatic shell ejection and a supply of 79 rounds (82 on Ausf.

Carolina Panthers 2016 Scores

The main gun used three different types of ammunition: -HE ( Pzgr. 39/42), ( Sprgr. 42) and ( Pzgr. 40/42), the last of which was usually in short supply. While it was of a calibre common on Allied tanks, the Panther's gun was one of the most powerful of World War II, due to the large propellant charge and the long barrel, which gave it a very high and excellent armour-piercing qualities — among Allied tank guns of similar calibre, only the British conversion's gun, of 3 inch (76.2mm) calibre, and a 55 calibre long (L/55) barrel, had more potential hitting power.

The flat also made hitting targets much easier, since accuracy was less sensitive to errors in range estimation and increased the chance of hitting a moving target. The Panther's 75 mm gun had more penetrating power than the main gun of the heavy tank, the, although the larger 88 mm projectile might inflict more damage if it did penetrate.

The 75mm HE round was inferior to the 88mm HE round used for infantry support, but was on par with most other 75mm HE rounds used by other tanks and assault guns. The tank typically had two armoured fighting vehicle variant machine guns featuring an armoured barrel sleeve. An MG 34 machine gun was located co-axially with the main gun on the gun mantlet; an identical MG 34 was located on the glacis plate and fired by the radio operator. Initial Ausf. D and early Ausf. A models used a 'letterbox' flap enclosing its underlying thin, vertical -like aperture, through which the machine gun was fired.

In later Ausf A and all Ausf G models (starting in late November-early December 1943), a ball mount in the glacis plate with a K.Z.F.2 machine gun sight was installed for the hull machine gun. Panther on the, 1944.

The Panther tank was seen as a necessary component of, and the attack was delayed several times because of their mechanical problems and to receive more Panthers, with the eventual start date of the battle only six days after the last Panthers had been delivered to the front. This resulted in major problems in Panther units during the, as tactical training at the unit level, coordination by radio, and driver training were all seriously deficient. It was not until 23–29 June 1943 that a total of 200 rebuilt Panthers were finally issued to Panther Regiment von Lauchert, of the XLVIII Panzer Corps (4 Panzer Army). Two were immediately lost due to motor fires on disembarking from the trains. By 5 July, when the Battle of Kursk started, there were only 184 operational Panthers. Within two days, this had dropped to 40. On 17 July 1943, after had ordered a stop to the German offensive, Gen.

Sent in the following preliminary assessment of the Panthers: Due to enemy action and mechanical breakdowns, the combat strength sank rapidly during the first few days. By the evening of 10 July there were only 10 operational Panthers in the front line. 25 Panthers had been lost as total writeoffs (23 were hit and burnt and two had caught fire during the approach march). 100 Panthers were in need of repair (56 were damaged by hits and mines and 44 by mechanical breakdown). 60 percent of the mechanical breakdowns could be easily repaired.

Approximately 40 Panthers had already been repaired and were on the way to the front. About 25 still had not been recovered by the repair service. On the evening of 11 July, 38 Panthers were operational, 31 were total write-offs and 131 were in need of repair. A slow increase in the combat strength is observable.

The large number of losses by hits (81 Panthers up to 10 July) attests to the heavy fighting. During Zitadelle the Panthers claimed 267 destroyed tanks.

A later report on 20 July 1943 showed 41 Panthers as operational, 85 as repairable, 16 severely damaged and needing repair in Germany, 56 burnt out because of enemy action, and two destroyed by motor fires. Before the Germans ended their offensive at Kursk, the Soviets began their counteroffensive, and succeeded in pushing the Germans back into a steady retreat. Thus, a report on 11 August 1943 showed that the number of total write-offs in Panthers swelled to 156, with only 9 operational. The German Army was forced into a fighting retreat, and increasingly lost Panthers in combat as well as from abandoning and destroying damaged vehicles.

The Panther demonstrated its capacity to destroy any Soviet armoured fighting vehicle from long distance during the Battle of Kursk, and had a very high overall kill ratio. It constituted less than seven percent of the estimated 2,400–2,700 total armoured fighting vehicles deployed by the Germans in this battle, and its effectiveness was limited by its mechanical problems and the in-depth layered defence system of the Soviets at Kursk.

Its greatest historical role in the battle may have been a highly negative one—its contribution to the decisions to delay the original start of for a total of two months, time which the Soviets used to build up an enormous concentration of minefields, anti-tank guns, trenches and artillery defences. Panther with infantry support, in combat, 1944 After the losses of the Battle of Kursk, the German Army went into a permanent state of retreat from the Red Army.

The numbers of Panthers were slowly built up again on the Eastern Front, and the operational percentage increased as reliability improved. In March 1944 Guderian reported: 'Almost all the bugs have been worked out', although many units continued to report significant mechanical problems, especially with the final drive.

The greatly outnumbered Panthers came to be used as mobile reserves to fight off major attacks. The highest total number of operational Panthers on the Eastern Front was achieved in September 1944, when some 522 were listed as operational out of a total of 728. Throughout the rest of the war Germany continued to keep the great majority of Panther forces on the Eastern Front, where the situation progressively worsened for them. The last recorded status, on 15 March 1945, listed 740 on the Eastern Front, of which 361 were operational. By this time the Red Army had entered East Prussia and was advancing through Poland.

In August 1944 Panthers were deployed during the as mobile artillery and troop support. At least two of them were captured in the early days of the conflict and used in actions against the Germans, including the liberation of the concentration camp on 5 August, when the soldiers of ' platoon used the captured Panther (named 'Magda') to destroy the bunkers and watchtowers of the camp. Most of the Germans in the camp were killed; the insurgents had lost two people and liberated almost 350 people.

After several days the captured tanks were immobilized due to the lack of fuel and batteries and were set ablaze to prevent them from being recaptured. Eastern Front - Soviet service Photographs have proven the existence of Soviet-used Panthers in some units. A manual on the operation of the Panther was published in 1944 by the Red Army.

Most Panthers ended up in trophy collections. Some Soviet officers proposed re-arming them with 85 mm guns, but this was not done. After the war, Red Army had an overall surplus of tanks, so it had no use for captured Panthers. Western Front – France. A Panther ausf A tank of 12th SS Panzer division in Paris shortly before the invasion, June 1944. At the time of the in June 1944, there were initially only two Panther-equipped Panzer regiments in the Western Front, with a total of 156 Panthers between them.

From June through August 1944, an additional seven Panther regiments were sent into France, reaching a maximum strength of 432 in a status report dated 30 July 1944. The majority of the German tank forces in Normandy – six and a half divisions – were drawn into fighting the Anglo-Canadian forces of the around the town of Caen. The numerous operations undertaken to secure the town became collectively known as the. While there were areas of heavy wooded around Caen, most of the terrain was open fields which allowed the Panther to engage the attacking enemy armour at long range — its combination of superior armour and firepower allowed it to engage at distances from which the Shermans could not respond. Conversely, by the time of the Normandy Campaign, British divisional Anti-tank Regiments were well equipped with the excellent 17-pounder gun (the 17pdr also on some in British service), making it equally as perilous for Panthers to attack across these same fields. The British had begun converting regular to carry the 17-pounder gun (nicknamed ) prior to the D-Day landings. While limited numbers meant that during Normandy usually not more than one Sherman in each troop of four tanks was a Firefly variant, the lethality of the gun against German armour made them priority targets for German gunners.

In the meantime, U.S. Forces, facing one and a half German panzer divisions, mainly the Panzer Lehr Division, struggled in the heavy, low-lying bocage terrain west of Caen. Like the Sherman. The Panther struggled in the bocage country of Normandy, and was vulnerable to side and close-in attacks in the built-up areas of cities and small towns.

The commander of the Panzer Lehr Division, Gen., reported on the difficulties experienced by the Panther tank in the fighting in Normandy. Panther ausf G in, mid-1944, France While the PzKpfw IV could still be used to advantage, the PzKpfw V Panther proved ill adapted to the terrain. The Sherman because of its maneuverability and height was good.

the Panther was poorly suited for hedgerow terrain because of its width. Long gun barrel and width of tank reduce maneuverability in village and forest fighting. It is very front-heavy and therefore quickly wears out the front final drives, made of low-grade steel. High silhouette.

Very sensitive power-train requiring well-trained drivers. Weak side armor; tank top vulnerable to fighter-bombers. Fuel lines of porous material that allow gasoline fumes to escape into the tank interior causing a grave fire hazard. Absence of vision slits makes defense against close attack impossible. Bayerlein still appreciated the Panther's virtues when used in the right conditions, writing 'An ideal vehicle for tank battles and infantry support. The best tank in existence for its weight'.

Through September and October, a series of new Panzerbrigades equipped with Panther tanks were sent into France to try to stop the Allied advance with counter-attacks. This culminated in the (18–29 September 1944), in which the mostly Panther-equipped German forces suffered heavy losses fighting against the 4th Armored Division of Patton's Third Army, which were still primarily equipped with 75 mm M4 Sherman tanks and yet came away from the battle with few losses.

The Panther units were newly formed, poorly trained and tactically disorganized; most units ended up stumbling into ambushes against seasoned U.S. Western Front – Ardennes Offensive. Burnt out Panther Ausf.G at the, penetrated in the. A status report on 15 December 1944 listed an all-time high of 471 Panthers assigned to the Western Front, with 336 operational (71 percent). This was one day before the start of the; 400 of the tanks assigned to the Western Front were in units sent into the offensive. The Panther once again demonstrated its prowess in open country, where it could hit its targets at long range with near-impunity, and its vulnerability in the close-in fighting of the small towns of the Ardennes, where they suffered heavy losses. A status report on 15 January 1945 showed only 97 operational Panthers left in the units involved in the operation, out of 282 still in their possession.

Total writeoffs were listed as 198. Pantherturm fortification in Italy, mid 1944. From 1943, Panther turrets were mounted in fixed fortifications; some were normal production models, but most were made specifically for the task, with additional roof armour to withstand artillery fire.

Two types of turret emplacements were used; ( Pantherturm III – Betonsockel — concrete base) and ( Pantherturm I – Stahluntersatz — steel sub-base). They housed ammunition storage and fighting compartment along with crew quarters. A total of 182 of these were installed in the fortifications of the and ( Westwall), 48 in the and, 36 on the, and two for training and experimentation, for a total of 268 installations by March 1945.

They proved to be costly to attack, and difficult to destroy. Battalion organization From September 1943, one Panzer battalion with 96 Panthers constituted the Panzer regiment of a. Panzerbefehlswagen Panther Ausf. 267) of the photographed in southern in 1944. IS-2 at the Kubinka Tank Museum The convinced the Soviets of the need for even greater firepower. A Soviet analysis of the battle in August 1943 showed that a Corps artillery piece, the, had done well against the German armoured fighting vehicles in that battle, and so development work on the 122 mm equipped began in late 1943. First encounters with enemy tanks revealed that the 122 mm BR-471 shell could punch through the Panther's frontal armour at a range of 600–700 m (660–770 yd).

The early results of the IS-2's combat employment, which were confirmed by firing tests in 1944, compelled the designers to seek innovative solutions. According to German tactical instructions, a Panther had to close to 600 m (660 yd) to guarantee penetration of the IS-2's frontal armour, while the IS-2 could penetrate the Panther at ranges of 1,000 m (1,100 yd). A Wa Pruef 1 report states that when set at a 30-degree angle the glacis plate of the Panther could not be penetrated by the 122 mm D-25T AP shell, the lower glacis could be penetrated from 100 m (110 yd), the turret mantlet from 500 m (550 yd) and the turret front from 1,500 m (1,600 yd).

The Panther's 75 mm gun could penetrate the IS-2 model 1943's mantlet from 400 m (440 yd), turret from 800 m (870 yd), and driver's front plate from 600 m (660 yd). From the side, the Panther's armour was penetrable by the 122 mm D-25T from over 3,500 m (3,800 yd). The Panther carried more ammunition and had a faster firing cycle: for every 1-1.5 shots of the IS-2, the Panther and Tiger could fire 3-4 times. With the addition of a semi-automatic drop breech over the previously manual screw, this breech modification increased the IS-2's rate of fire to 3-4 rounds per minute. The IS-2 proved to have surprisingly good anti-tank capabilities due to the D-25T's extremely heavy HE projectiles. Standard doctrine for purpose-built anti-tank guns of the period universally relied on small, dense solid projectiles propelled to high velocities, optimized for punching through armor.

However, the 122mm HE shell would easily blow off the turret, drive sprocket and tread of the heaviest German tank even if it could not penetrate its armour. A ISU-152 AIN, Russia. The was produced in large numbers throughout 1943, with the first SU-152s being issued to new heavy mechanized gun regiments raised in May 1943. It mounted a on the chassis of a heavy tank.

Later production used an tank chassis and was re-designated. Because of its adopted role as an impromptu, capable of knocking out the heaviest German armoured vehicles— and Panther tanks, and tank destroyers—it was nicknamed ' Zveroboy' ('Beast Slayer'). Since it was intended as a self-propelled artillery piece rather than a true tank destroyer, the SU-152 was generally issued with standard HE rounds rather than armor-piercing projectiles. The 152mm HE round produced a massive blast that did not rely on velocity for its effectiveness, making them effective against any German tank, including the Panther,. It was renowned for its ability to rip the turret completely off a Panther/ tank (at any range) by sheer blast effect alone, and numerous German AFVs were claimed as destroyed or damaged by SU-152 fire during the.

Early 1945, the tank destroyer saw extensive service, when Soviet forces defeated the German offensive at. The SU-100 quickly proved itself to be able to penetrate around 125 mm (4.9 in) of vertical armor from a range of 2,000 m (1.2 mi) and the sloped 80 mm (3.1 in) front armor of the Panther from 1,500 m (0.93 mi).

American and British. Panther tank with bush camouflage in Northern France, 1944 The Western Allies were aware of the Panther and had access to technical details through the Soviets, but there was a difference in the American and British camps as to the significance of the tank. After taking two years to catch up with German tank design in Africa, the British were wary of falling behind yet again. They had developed the excellent, but did not yet have a vehicle in service that could fit this large gun into its turret. For its part, the U.S. Army did not believe that the Panther would be a significant problem, and did not foresee their armoured forces having to fight pitched engagements against large numbers of Panthers.

The Panther was not seen in combat by the Western Allies until in Italy, where Panthers were employed in small numbers. Until just before (6 June 1944), the Panther was thought to be another heavy tank that would not be built in large numbers. Shortly before D-Day, Allied intelligence reported that large numbers of Panthers were being used in the panzer divisions, and an attempt was made to investigate Panther production. Using on two captured tanks, U.S.

Intelligence estimated Panther production for February 1944 to be 270 units, much greater than what had been anticipated. This estimate was very accurate, especially compared to previous methods, as German records after the war showed production of Panthers for the month of February 1944 was 276. This indicated that the Panther would be encountered in much larger numbers than had previously been thought. In the planning for the, the U.S. Army expected to face a handful of German heavy tanks alongside large numbers of Panzer IVs.

At this point, it was too late to prepare to face the Panther. As it turned out, 38% of the German tanks in Normandy were Panthers, whose frontal armour could not be penetrated by the 75 mm guns of the US. A preserved Sherman Firefly Mk Ic (2008); its gun barrel is painted with the pattern used to disguise its length The British were more astute in their recognition of the danger posed by the increasing armour strength of German tanks. Work on a more powerful anti-tank gun had started in 1941, and the tanks to use it in 1942. When these programmes were delayed, a stop-gap solution was found.

The 17-pdr could through modifications be fitted to a Sherman, and orders for this were placed in 1943. By the time of the Normandy invasion, 340 Sherman Fireflies were available to the Commonwealth armoured divisions.

The British lobbied for American production lines to be modified to produce Fireflies, but these suggestions were declined by the U.S. Army, in part due to the poor performance of British tank designs in North Africa. There were also 200 interim with the 17-pounder and other improved tank designs were under development.

British and Commonwealth tank units in Normandy were initially equipped at the rate of one Firefly in a troop with three Shermans. This ratio increased until, by the end of the war, half of the British Shermans were Fireflies. The with a gun similar to the 17-pounder had also replaced the 75 mm gun Sherman in some British units. The 17-pounder with shot was more or less equivalent in performance to the Panther's 75 mm gun, but superior with shot. At the time, U.S.

Armour doctrine was dominated by the head of Army Ground Forces, Gen. An artilleryman by trade, he believed that tanks should concentrate on infantry support and exploitation roles and avoid enemy tanks, leaving them to be dealt with by the force, which was a mix of towed anti-tank guns and lightly armoured fighting vehicles with open top turrets with 3-inch (76.2 mm) , 76 mm or later, 90 mm guns. This doctrine led to a lack of urgency in the U.S. Army to upgrade the armour and firepower of the M4 Sherman tank, which had previously done well against the most common German tanks – Panzer IIIs and Panzer IVs – in Africa and Italy. As with the Soviets, the German adoption of thicker armour and the in their standard armoured fighting vehicles prompted the U.S. Army to develop the more powerful 76 mm version of the M4 Sherman tank in April 1944.

Development of a heavier tank, the, was delayed mainly by McNair's insistence on 'battle need' and emphasis on producing only reliable, well-tested weapons, a reflection of America's 3,000 mi (4,800 km) supply line to Europe. An AGF (Armored Ground Forces) policy statement of November 1943 concluded the following: The recommendation of a limited proportion of tanks carrying a 90mm gun is not concurred in for the following reasons: The M4 tank has been hailed widely as the best tank of the battlefield today.

There appears to be no fear on the part of our forces of the German Mark VI (Tiger) tank. There can be no basis for the T26 tank other than the conception of a tank-vs.-tank duel-which is believed to be unsound and unnecessary. Both British and American battle experience has demonstrated that the antitank gun in suitable numbers is the master of the tank. There has been no indication that the 76mm antitank gun is inadequate against German Mark VI tank. Awareness of the inadequacies of their tanks grew only slowly. M4 Shermans that landed in Normandy in June 1944 had the 75 mm gun.

The general purpose 75 mm M4 gun could not penetrate the Panther from the front at all, although it could penetrate various parts of the Panther from the side at ranges from 400 to 2,600 m (440 to 2,840 yd). The 76 mm gun could also not penetrate the front hull armour of the Panther, but could penetrate the Panther turret mantlet at very close range. In August 1944, the (high velocity armour-piercing) 76 mm round was introduced to improve the performance of the 76 mm M4 Shermans.

With a tungsten core, this round could still not penetrate the Panther glacis plate, but could punch through the Panther mantlet at 730 to 910 m (800 to 1,000 yd), instead of the usual 91 m (100 yd) for the normal 76 mm round. Tungsten production shortages meant that this round was always in short supply, with only a few available per tank, and some M4 Sherman units never received any. Whereas Sherman tanks used a high flash powder, making it easier for German tankers to spot them, German tanks used a low flash powder, making it harder for Allied crews to spot them.

Shermans, even though they were around 15 tons lighter than Panthers, had worse cross country mobility due to their narrower tracks. A US corporal stated: I saw where some MkV tanks crossed a muddy field without sinking the tracks over five inches, where we in the M4 started across the same field the same day and bogged down. The 90 mm was introduced in September 1944; the 90 mm round also proved to have difficulty penetrating the Panther's glacis plate, and it was not until an HVAP version of the round was developed that it could effectively penetrate it from combat range. It was very effective against the Panther's front turret and side. The high U.S.

Tank losses in the against a force largely of Panther tanks brought about a clamour for better armour and firepower. At General Eisenhower's request, only 76 mm gun-armed M4 Shermans were shipped to Europe for the remainder of the war.

Small numbers of the M26 Pershing were also rushed into combat in late February 1945. A dramatic newsreel film was recorded by a U.S. Signal Corps cameraman of an M26 stalking and then blowing up a Panther in the city of Cologne, after the Panther had knocked out two M4 Shermans. The production of Panther tanks and other German tanks dropped off sharply after January 1945, and eight of the Panther regiments still on the Western Front were transferred to the Eastern Front in February 1945. The result was that, for the rest of the war during 1945, the greatest threats to the tanks of the Western Allies were no longer German tanks, but infantry anti-tank weapons, such as the and, infantry anti-tank guns, such as the ubiquitous, and tank destroyers, such as the, StuG III,. A German Army status report dated 15 March 1945 showed 117 Panthers left in the entire Western Front, of which only 49 were operational. Further development Panther II.

Model of Panther II (with 80 cm diameter Tiger II wheels and transport tracks) with proposed Schmalturm, with stereoscopic sight bulges on the turret sides The Schmalturm had a much narrower front face of 120 mm (4.7 in) armour sloped at 20 degrees; side turret armour was increased to 60 mm (2.4 in) from 45 mm (1.8 in); roof turret armour increased to 40 mm (1.6 in) from 16 mm (0.63 in); and a bell shaped gun mantlet similar to that of the was used. This increased armour protection also had a slight weight saving due to the overall smaller size of the turret. The Panther Ausf F would have had the Schmalturm, with its better ballistic protection, and an extended front hull roof which was slightly thicker. The Ausf F's Schmalturm was to have a built-in — using twin matching armored blisters, one on each turret side, much like the Americans' post-war tank — and lower weight than the original turrets. A number of Ausf F hulls were built at Daimler-Benz and Ruhrstahl-Hattingen steelworks; there is no evidence that any completed Ausf F saw service before the end of the war.

Proposals to equip the Schmalturm with the 8.8 cm KwK 43 L/71 were made from January to March 1945. These would have likely equipped future German tanks but none were built, as the war ended. Main article: The E series of experimental tanks — E-10, E-25, E-50, E-75, E-100 (the numbers designated their weight class) – was proposed to further streamline production with an even greater sharing of common parts and simplification of design. In this scheme, the Panther tank would have been replaced by the E-50.

A -based, hull sidemount suspension system was proposed to replace the complex and costly dual torsion bar system. The Schmalturm would have been used, likely with a variant of the 8.8 cm L/71 gun. Derived vehicles. This section needs additional citations for.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2009) Although a technologically sophisticated vehicle, the Panther's design had a very limited influence on postwar tank development. The French postwar tank prototype was indirectly influenced by it through the, but never entered series production. It is claimed that the Panther was arguably a forebear to the modern. The Panther itself also saw some limited use outside the German military, both before and after 1945. British officers ride on a captured Panther tank in Italy June 1944, with early 'letterbox' hull gun aperture During the war, the employed a number of captured Panthers.

These were repainted with prominent Soviet emblems and tactical markings to avoid incidents. Unlike captured Panzer IVs and StuGs, the Soviets generally only used Panthers and Tigers that had been captured intact and used them until they broke down, as they were too complex and difficult to transport for repair. Panzer IVs and StuGs, on the other hand, were so numerous in terms of spare parts and easy to repair that they could be used over a much longer period in combat conditions. During March–April 1945, Bulgaria received 15 Panthers of various makes (D, A, and G variants) from captured and overhauled Soviet stocks; they only saw limited (training) service use.

They were dug down, with automotive components removed, as pillboxes along the Bulgarian-Turkish border as early as the late 1940s. The final fate of these pillbox Panthers is unknown, but sources indicate that they were replaced and scrapped in the 1950s. In May 1946, received 13 Panther tanks from the USSR. They were initially used by the 1st Armoured Brigade, but in 1947 the equipment was ceded to the Soviet-organized ', which was transformed from a volunteer infantry division into an armoured one. The Panther tank was officially known as T-V (T-5) in the army inventory. These tanks were in poor condition and remained in service until about 1950, by which time the Romanian Army had received T-34-85 tanks.

All of the tanks were scrapped by 1954. The tanks were different models: Ausf A, Ausf D, and Ausf G. They were shown to the public in 1948, during the 1 May parade in Bucharest, painted with Romanian markings. Until 1950, the T-V (T-5) was the heaviest tank available to the Romanian Army. Panther that was captured by French 2nd Armored Division in Sept.

1944 after the Battle of Dompaire. Originally from the 112th Panzer Brigade. On display at Musee des Blindes, Saumur, France. Surviving vehicles In working order. A., Munster, Germany. A Command Tank., Koblenz, Germany. Completed after the war in the Panther factory under supervision by UK REME engineers, used for tests.

Friedrich Christian Flick Private Collection, Germany. Completed after the war in the Panther factory under supervision by UK REME engineers, used for tests., Russia. Ausf.G More or less intact, but not in working order. Wilhelmina park, The Netherlands. The only known complete surviving Ausf. This tank was donated by the after liberating Breda.

It was restored in 2004–2005 for static display by in exchange for its automotive components., Switzerland. Advertised as an Ausf. D/G hybrid, with a D hull and G turret. There are many questions surrounding this vehicle. The turret has a replacement sheet metal mantlet, vaguely resembling a late Ausf.

G mantlet, with no ports for gunners sight or coaxial MG. The pistol port on the turret rear indicates an Ausf. An or early Ausf G.

The hull with the 'letterbox' MG slot indicates an Ausf. D or early Ausf. The turret and hull numbers could help identify the correct model designation for the hybrid but neither of the numbers have been made public., private collector, UK. The collection has three Panthers, one being restored. A (DEMAG production).

The restored Panther Ausf A on display at the in Ottawa. In January 2008 a partially restored Panther Ausf. A was put on display. It had been donated to the museum from, which acquired it following V-E celebrations in May 1945. It had spent two years in restoration prior to being put on public display. A (Currently being restored to working order, previously owned by the Rex & Rod Cadman Collection, UK)., Sinsheim, Germany.

A., Saumur, France. Completed after the war in the Panther factory under supervision by UK REME engineers, used for tests. Panther in the river at Houffalize, 1945. in the Ardennes region of Belgium. A Panther Ausf. G can be found in the village. It fell into the river during the and was later retrieved as a memorial.

The, Overloon, in the Netherlands, has an Ausf. G that was knocked out by a projectile during the., Fort Benning, GA, USA, collection consists of the following 4 Panthers: Pz V Ausf. A; Pz V Ausf. G; Pz V Ausf.

G with chin; & Panther II. Several of these were part of the Ordnance collection that was at Aberdeen, MD. Private collector, Heikendorf, Germany - in July 2015 a virtually 'intact' Panther Ausf. G was found in the basement of a private residence near. Along with other weapons, it was seized by the police and later transported away by the., Sinsheim, Germany. A.

Overlord Museum, Colleville-sur-Mer (ex-Falaise August 1944 museum), France. Will be cosmetically restored and displayed in the new museum in a diorama representing a field repair unit of the Wehrmacht, along with a Strabo Fries gantry. Kevin Wheatcroft, private collector, UK. A, one to be restored and one to be restored to Ausf. D., Belgium.

G Specifications. Crew: 5 (driver, radio operator/bow machine gunner, gunner, loader, and ). Armour layout All angles from horizontal. Hull front, lower: 60 mm (2.4 in) at 35°; upper: 80 mm (3.1 in) at 35°; ( Ausf. G: lower Hull front reduced to 50 mm (2.0 in)). Hull side, lower: 40 mm (1.6 in) at 90°; upper: 40 mm (1.6 in) at 50°; ( Ausf. G: upper Hull side changed to 50 mm (2.0 in) at 60°).

Hull rear: 40 mm (1.6 in) at 60°. Turret front: 100 mm (3.9 in) at 78°.

Turret side: 45 mm (1.8 in) at 65°. Turret rear: 45 mm (1.8 in) at 65°. Turret, top: 16 mm (0.63 in) at 5°. Gun mantlet: 100 mm (3.9 in) rounded See also.

Wa Pruef 6 was the tank and motorized equipment department of the German arms procurement agency, the Waffenamt. The German military intelligence journal for tank crews 'Nachrichtenblatt der Panzertruppen Nr.12, June 1944 p. 34' reported that the IS-2 could be successful attacked at approximately 500 m at the angle of 30 degrees. This calculation was derived from firing tables 'Pz. Beschusstafel' created against the KV-85.

Steven Zaloga makes therefore an unfavorable comparison (30° to 90° for the range of destruction) for the Panther over its adversary. Actual German production for February 1944 was 276 tanks. Citations. Doyle, Hilary; Jentz, Tom (1997). Panther Variants 1942-45. London: Osprey. Forczyk, Robert (2007).

Panther Vs T-34: Ukraine 1943. Reading: Osprey Publishing. Frankson, Anders (2000). Kursk 1943: A Statistical Analysis. Green, Michael (2000).

German Tanks of WWII. Zenith Press.

Green, Michael (2012). Panther: Germany's quest for combat dominance. Osprey Publishing. Hart, Stephen (2003).

Panther Medium Tank 1942-45. Osprey Publishing (UK). Healy, Mark (2008).

Zitadelle: The German Offensive Against the Kursk Salient 4–17 July 1943. History Press. Jentz, Thomas (1995). Germany's Panther Tank. Atglen: Schiffer Pub.

Jentz, Thomas (1996). Panzertruppen 2: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1943-1945.

Jentz, Thomas (1997). Germany's Tiger Tanks - VK45.02 to Tiger II. Atglen: Schiffer Pub. Jentz, Thomas (1997). Germany's Tiger Tanks - Tiger I and Tiger II: Combat Tactics. Atglen: Schiffer Pub.

Jentz, Thomas (2000). Germany's Tiger Tanks - D.W. Atglen: Schiffer Pub.; Brodie, Henry (March 1947). 'An empirical approach to economic intelligence in WWII'. Journal of the American Statistical Association.

American Statistical Association. 42 (237): 72–91. Rust, Ken C (1967). The Ninth Air Force in World War II. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers. Scafes, Cornel I; Scafes, Ioan I; Serbanescu, Horia Vl (2005).

Trupele Blindate din Armata Romana 1919-1947. Bucuresti: Editura Oscar Print. Speer, Albert (2009). Inside the Third Reich.

Spielberger, Walter (1993). The Panther & Its Variants.

West Chester:. Wilbeck, Christopher (2004). Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II. Aberjona Press.

Zaloga, Steven (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two. London: Arms and Armour Press.

Zaloga, Steven (1994). T-34 Medium Tank 1941-45. Osprey Publishing (UK). Zaloga, Steven (1998). Soviet Tanks of the Great Patriotic War. Concord Publications. Zaloga, Steven (2007).

Japanese Tanks 1939-45. Reading: Osprey Publishing. Zaloga, Steven (2008). Armored Thunderbolt.

Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole. Zaloga, Steven (2008). Sherman: Battle of the Bulge 1944. Oxford: Osprey Publishing (UK). Zetterling, Niklas (2000).

Kursk 1943: a statistical analysis. London: Frank Cass. World War II Vehicles, Tanks and Airplanes.

Retrieved 24 June 2005. Zaloga, Steven (2015). Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

Green, Michael (2005). Panzers at War. Zenith Press.

Docherty, Richard (2013). British Armoured Divisions and their Commanders 1939 - 1945. Pen & Sword. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. – A PDF file presenting the Panther tanks.

Scott foresman reading grade 1. Pershing vs.

Harga Jual Terbaik Isuzu Panther 2018 Baru dan Bekas Dijual di Indonesia Isuzu sudah sejak lama dikenal sebagai satu-satunya merek otomotif di Indonesia yang fokus menggunakan mesin diesel sebagai jantung pacu dari seluruh lini mobilnya. Hal inilah yang menjadi modal utama dari kesuksesan MPV ikonik mereka, Isuzu Panther. Apalagi mengingat Isuzu Panther sudah lebih dari 20 tahun berada di Indonesia, maka tak salah jika mobil yang seringkali head to head dengan Toyota Kijang ini menjadi pilihan terbaik sebagai kendaraan untuk keluarga. Segmentasi Pasar dan Model Mobil Isuzu sudah sejak lama dikenal sebagai satu-satunya merek otomotif di Indonesia yang fokus menggunakan mesin diesel sebagai jantung pacu dari seluruh lini mobilnya. Hal inilah yang menjadi modal utama dari kesuksesan MPV ikonik mereka, Isuzu Panther. Apalagi mengingat Isuzu Panther sudah lebih dari 20 tahun berada di Indonesia, maka tak salah jika mobil yang seringkali head to head dengan Toyota Kijang ini menjadi pilihan terbaik sebagai kendaraan untuk keluarga. Memulai debut di tahun 1991, Isuzu Panther berhasil dalam dalam membangun impresi positif sebagai MPV tangguh, hemat BBM, serta muat banyak penumpang. Semenjak saat itu, Isuzu Panther yang kini sudah memasuki generasi keempat selalu memberikan penyegaran, agar semakin modern dan semakin dicintai oleh masyarakat.

Untuk generasi awal (1991-1996), Isuzu Panther mengenakan mesin 2.3 liter OHV 4 silinder indirect injection berkekuatan 60 dk pada 4.300 rpm. Kemudian untuk generasi kedua hingga terbaru, Panther menggunakan mesin 2.5 liter OHV Direct Injection, yang sanggup menelurkan tenaga hingga 86 dk pada 3.900 rpm. Khusus untuk generasi terakhir, Isuzu Panther sudah menggunakan teknologi turbocharger yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi BBM sekaligus memenuhi standar emisi gas buang EURO. 3 bintang Isuzu Panther di Indonesia Bagaimana Perbedaan Isuzu Panther 2017 dengan 2018? Tidak ada perbedaan antara Isuzu Panther 2017 dengan Isuzu Panther 2018. Apa yang Baru dari Desain Isuzu Panther 2018?

Dari desain Isuzu Panther 2018 tidak ada yang terlihat baru, hanya terdapat minor change saja sehingga perbedaan tidak terlalu mencolok. Apa Saja Spesifikasi dan Fitur dari Isuzu Panther 2018? Sejak menginjak generasi baru pada 2015, spesifikasi Isuzu Panther tidak ada yang berubah:. model mesin 4JA1L dengan turbocharger dan menggunakan sistem injeksi Diesel Direct Injection. tenaga maksimal yang mampu dihasilkan sebesar 80 dk pada 3.500 rpm. Memiliki torsi puncak mencapai 19.5 kg-m pada 1.800 rpm.

Berapa Kisaran Harga Isuzu Panther 2018 di Indonesia?. Isuzu Panther Touring Rp 258.500.000. Isuzu Panther Grand Touring Rp 284.000.000 Ulasan Isuzu Panther di Indonesia ISUZU PANTHER: Spesifikasi Mesin dan Performa Isuzu Panther mencangkok mesin berkapasitas 2.499 cc. Transmisi: Manual dengan 5 percepatan. Tenaga maksimal: 80 dk. Kecepatan tertinggi: -.

0-100 km: sekitar 11,9 detik Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Isuzu Panther Untuk urusan efisiensi bahan bakar, Isuzu Panther tergolong sangat irit konsumsi bahan bakarnya. Saat dikendarai di area perkotaan, konsumsi bahan bakar Isuzu Panther berkisar 12 km/liter. Sementara ketika melaju ke luar kota, konsumsi bahan bakarnya mencapai 14-16 km/liter.