User Guide For Linux
Preface This user guide is meant as an introductory guide for a user to use a modern personal computer (PC) running the Linux operating system. The main aim is to provide a self-learning. Linux is not a trademark, and has no connection to UNIX, Unix System Labratories. This X in the margin indicates special instructions for users of the X Window.
Getting Started with Amazon EC2 Linux Instances Let's get started with Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) by launching, connecting to, and using a Linux instance. An instance is a virtual server in the AWS cloud. With Amazon EC2, you can set up and configure the operating system and applications that run on your instance. When you sign up for AWS, you can get started with Amazon EC2 using the. If you created your AWS account less than 12 months ago, and have not already exceeded the free tier benefits for Amazon EC2, it will not cost you anything to complete this tutorial, because we help you select options that are within the free tier benefits. Otherwise, you'll incur the standard Amazon EC2 usage fees from the time that you launch the instance until you terminate the instance (which is the final task of this tutorial), even if it remains idle.
Related Tutorials. If you'd prefer to launch a Windows instance, see this tutorial in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows Instances:. If you'd prefer to use the command line, see this tutorial in the AWS Command Line Interface User Guide:. Prerequisites Before you begin, be sure that you've completed the steps in. Step 1: Launch an Instance You can launch a Linux instance using the AWS Management Console as described in the following procedure. This tutorial is intended to help you launch your first instance quickly, so it doesn't cover all possible options.
For more information about the advanced options, see. To launch an instance.
Open the Amazon EC2 console at. From the console dashboard, choose Launch Instance. The Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) page displays a list of basic configurations, called Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), that serve as templates for your instance. Select an HVM version of Amazon Linux 2. Notice that these AMIs are marked 'Free tier eligible.'
. On the Choose an Instance Type page, you can select the hardware configuration of your instance.
Select the t2.micro type, which is selected by default. Notice that this instance type is eligible for the free tier. Choose Review and Launch to let the wizard complete the other configuration settings for you. On the Review Instance Launch page, under Security Groups, you'll see that the wizard created and selected a security group for you.
You can use this security group, or alternatively you can select the security group that you created when getting set up using the following steps:. Choose Edit security groups. On the Configure Security Group page, ensure that Select an existing security group is selected. Select your security group from the list of existing security groups, and then choose Review and Launch.
On the Review Instance Launch page, choose Launch. When prompted for a key pair, select Choose an existing key pair, then select the key pair that you created when getting set up. Alternatively, you can create a new key pair. Select Create a new key pair, enter a name for the key pair, and then choose Download Key Pair. This is the only chance for you to save the private key file, so be sure to download it. Save the private key file in a safe place. You'll need to provide the name of your key pair when you launch an instance and the corresponding private key each time you connect to the instance.
Warning Don't select the Proceed without a key pair option. If you launch your instance without a key pair, then you can't connect to it.
When you are ready, select the acknowledgement check box, and then choose Launch Instances. A confirmation page lets you know that your instance is launching. Choose View Instances to close the confirmation page and return to the console.
User Guide For Linux
On the Instances screen, you can view the status of the launch. It takes a short time for an instance to launch. When you launch an instance, its initial state is pending. After the instance starts, its state changes to running and it receives a public DNS name. (If the Public DNS (IPv4) column is hidden, choose Show/Hide Columns (the gear-shaped icon) in the top right corner of the page and then select Public DNS (IPv4).). It can take a few minutes for the instance to be ready so that you can connect to it. Check that your instance has passed its status checks; you can view this information in the Status Checks column.
Step 2: Connect to Your Instance There are several ways to connect to a Linux instance. In this procedure, you'll connect using your browser. Alternatively, you can connect using PuTTY or an SSH client. It's also assumed that you launched an Amazon Linux 2 instance, per the previous step, which has a specific user name. Other Linux distributions might use a different user name. For more information, see. Important You can't connect to your instance unless you launched it with a key pair for which you have the.pem file and you launched it with a security group that allows SSH access.
If you can't connect to your instance, see for assistance. To connect to your Linux instance using a web browser. You must have Java installed and enabled in the browser. If you don't have Java already, you can contact your system administrator to get it installed, or follow the steps outlined in the following pages:. From the Amazon EC2 console, choose Instances in the navigation pane. Select the instance, and then choose Connect. Choose A Java SSH client directly from my browser (Java required).
Amazon EC2 automatically detects the public DNS name of your instance and populates Public DNS for you. It also detects the key pair that you specified when you launched the instance.
Complete the following, and then choose Launch SSH Client. In User name, enter ec2-user. In Private key path, enter the fully qualified path to your private key (.pem) file, including the key pair name. (Optional) Choose Store in browser cache to store the location of the private key in your browser cache.
This enables Amazon EC2 to detect the location of the private key in subsequent browser sessions, until you clear your browser's cache. If necessary, choose Yes to trust the certificate, and choose Run to run the MindTerm client. If this is your first time running MindTerm, a series of dialog boxes asks you to accept the license agreement, confirm setup for your home directory, and confirm setup of the known hosts directory.
Confirm these settings. A dialog prompts you to add the host to your set of known hosts. If you do not want to store the host key information on your local computer, choose No.
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A window opens and you are connected to your instance. Important Terminating an instance effectively deletes it; you can't reconnect to an instance after you've terminated it. If you launched an instance that is not within the, you'll stop incurring charges for that instance as soon as the instance status changes to shutting down or terminated.
If you'd like to keep your instance for later, but not incur charges, you can stop the instance now and then start it again later. For more information, see. To terminate your instance.
In the navigation pane, choose Instances. In the list of instances, select the instance. Choose Actions, Instance State, Terminate. Choose Yes, Terminate when prompted for confirmation. Amazon EC2 shuts down and terminates your instance.
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After your instance is terminated, it remains visible on the console for a short while, and then the entry is deleted. Next Steps After you start your instance, you might want to try some of the following exercises.